Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen ( 1817-1903 )
Stimmen der Forschung

"Mommsen und Ranke stehen gemeinsam an der Spitze der Geschichtsschreiber des 19. Jahrhunderts. Rankes Werk ist fast durchweg darstellende Geschichte, Mommsen hingegen verdankt seinen Ruhm nicht allein seiner Meisterschaft in der Beschreibung, sondern auch seinem Beitrag zum Verstandnis von Institutionen und der Herausgabe von Inschriften und Quellen. Beide waren einzigartig in ihrer gro?en Produktivitat und der Verbindung kritischer Methoden mit einer synthetischen Geschichtsauffassung.


Beide waren die verehrten Lehrer von Generationen von Studenten, und beide wurden alt genug, um ihre unumstrittene Vorrangstellung zu erleben. Mommsens Veroffentlichungen erstrecken sich uber einen Zeitraum von uber sechzig Jahren. Seine Fruhwerke zeigen keine Spur von Unreife, seine Spatwerke nichts von einem Abstieg. Ihm allein gelang die volle Assimilierung und Wiedergabe der romischen Kultur, um die sich seit Scaliger so viele Forscher bemuht hatten. Vor Mommsen war die romische Geschichte genauso unzulanglich wie die europaische Geschichte der Neuzeit vor Ranke."
George P. Gooch in: ders.: Geschichte und Geschichtsschreiber im 19. Jahrhundert, Frankfurt a. M. 1964, S. 534-535.

"Die Eigenschaften, die er fur einen Historiker fur unentbehrlich hielt – juristische, sprachliche und literarische Kenntnisse sowie rasche Auffassungsgabe und eingeborene Genialitat, die in der Verzweigtheit der Geschichte Bedeutung und Zusammenhange erkennt – besa? er selber in einem Ausma?, das kein anderer moderner Historiker ubertroffen hat."
Fritz Stern (Hg.): Geschichte und Geschichtsschreibung. Texte von Voltaire bis zur Gegenwart, Munchen 1966, S. 195.

„Auf die kurzeste Formel gebracht, erscheint Mommsens Lebensweg in dreifacher Weise exemplarisch: Niebuhrs Wegweisungen folgend, hat Mommsen in der Altertumswissenschaft das Zeitalter des kritischen Realismus eroffnet und durch eine Arbeitsleistung ohnegleichen unser Wissen vom alten Rom gewaltig vermehrt; auch als Gelehrter, als Professor in des Wortes ursprunglicher Bedeutung, hat er sein politisches Temperament niemals verleugnet und die ‚Romische Geschichte’ zu einem Werk politischer Padagogik im Sinne seiner liberalen und nationalen Ideale gestaltet; er hat es, wie wenige Historiker, verstanden, der Geschichtsschreibung in der gro?en, unverganglichen Literatur einen Platz zu erobern (Nobel-Preis 1902)."
Albert Wucher in: Hans-Ulrich Wehler: Deutsche Historiker, Bd. 1, Gottingen 1973

„Mommsen als Geschichtsschreiber ist eine im hochsten Grade eigentumliche, um nicht zu sagen befremdliche Gro?e. In einem langen Leben von sechsundachtzig Jahren, das bis zum Bersten mit Arbeiten seiner Feder angefullt ist, erschien er nur ein einziges Mal in der Gestalt des Geschichtsschreibers, als Autor seiner auch heute noch nicht vergessenen Romischen Geschichte. Da? Historiker in der Ruhmeshalle des menschlichen Geistes einen hervorragenden Platz einnehmen, ist ohnehin, sieht man von den antiken Klassikern ab, recht ungewohnlich. […] Da? ein beruhmter Historiker nur ein einziges Mal zur Geschichtsschreibung ansetzt, dann die diesem Geschaft gewidmete Feder wieder weglegt, und trotzdem gleich durch den ersten Versuch ein weithin beruhmter Mann wird, ist etwas schier Einmaliges […]"
Alfred Heuss in: Notker Hammerstein: Deutsche Geschichtswissenschaft um 1900, Stuttgart 1988, S. 37.

„Mommsens wissenschaftliche und organisatorische Leistung ist unerreicht. Die Erforschung der romischen Geschichte baut auf seinem Lebenswerk auf. Die von ihm initiierten Gro?projekte der Berliner Akademie, die zum Teil heute noch nicht abgeschlossen sind, bieten die unverzichtbare Quellengrundlage fur eine Vielzahl althistorischer Studien. Die fruchtbare Auseinandersetzung mit dem eindrucksvollen Bild, das er von der romischen Geschichte und vom romischen Staatsrecht gezeichnet hat, dauert an. Sein Eintreten fur nationale und internationale Kooperation ist richtungweisend."
Stefan Rebenich: Theodor Mommsen. Eine Biographie, Munchen 2002, S. 232.

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